Particle emission from semilocal string networks

Abstract

Topological defects can arise as remnants of symmetry-breaking phase transitions in the early universe and are usually classified according to the homotopy groups of the vacuum manifold. However, field theories can admit stable localized configurations whose stability is ensured not only by topology but also by energetic considerations. Semilocal strings provide such an example: they are string-like defects that arise even when the fundamental group of the vacuum manifold is trivial. We present results from numerical lattice simulations of semilocal string networks, focusing for the first time on their particle-emission properties. We find that semilocal string networks efficiently emit Nambu-Goldstone bosons, with emission properties similar to axion radiation from global string networks. Motivated by this result, we discuss a scenario in which the Nambu-Goldstone bosons acquire a soft-breaking mass, and their non-thermal production from the string network accounts for the observed dark matter abundance.

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